Liquid-fuel burner



W. R. PURNELL.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE22. 1920. I

1,413,134. PatenIedApr.18,1922.

Stefan) l i /w-EIII IIIII attoz mi tip of the burner last named supply,

burner tip and with the internal passage UNITED s'rA'rEs PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM K PUBNELIJ', 0F THE UNITED STATES NAVY.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

Application led June 22,

T o all whomt tmay concern.:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM R. PURNELL, a lieutenant commander in the United States Navy, a citizen of the United States, at present stationed at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsyl- Vania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which'it appertains to make and use the same. Y

This invention relates .to liquid fuel burners and has for its object to provide a burner which will utilize the heat and the velocity of the atomizing agent, as well as the velocity of the liquid fuel in securing av high degree of. ineness of atomization in' the spray, in order to improve the coinbustion, to increase the eiiiciency and to reduce the consumption of the atomizing agent.

With these objects in view the invention consists in the novel'details Vof construction and combinations of partsmore fully hereinafter disclosed and particularly v.pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which like numerals designate like parts -in all the views:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view partly in section of a burner made in accordance with this invention;

Figure 2 is an end elevational view lof the parts shown in Figure 1;

- Figure 3 is a sectional detail view of the taken on the line 4--4v Figure 4 is a view the direction of the of Figure 3, looking in arrows;

Figure 5 is a sectional view of a slightly modified form of the cap portion of the Figure 6 is an end view of the cap shown in Figure 5.

1 represents any suitable liquid fuel supply, 2 a valve controlling said supply, and 3 a chamber to which said supply leads; 4 represents a casting, '5 a supply of steam or compressed air, 6 a, valve controlling said and 7 a channel or opening vin the .casting 4 to which said supply 5 leads.v 8 indicates a pipe member screw threaded in the casting 4 'as at 9, provided 10, and with the Specification of Letters Patent.

land therefore conveys Patented Apr. is, 1922. 1920. serial no. 39o,769. A

external screw-threads 11, affording the helically disposed passages 12. An outer pipe 13 is at one end screw threaded into the casting 4 as at 14, and encloses said inner pipe 8, and threaded into the cap member 15. Between the extreme outer end 16 of the pipe 13, and the abrupt shoulder 17 with which the cap 15 is provided, there is located a copper at its outer end it is screw washer 1 8 provided with the holes 20, all as will be clear from Figure 3. Fitting the end 19 of the pipe 8 is the reduced end of the plug. 21, having a shoulder 22 corresponding to the shoulder 17 and between said end 19 and said shoulder 22, the copper washer 18 also fits, so that a tight joint between the Vpipes 8 and 13 and the cap 15 is provided.

The channel 10 containing steam communicates with the bore 23 of theplug 21, and the helical passages 12 and space surrounding the same communicate through the orices 2() with the grooves 25 located on the inside of the cap 15, as well as with the recess 26 with which said cap is provided; Said grooves 25 are formed between the members 27 located on the inside of said cap 15, and are closed on one side by the plug 21 which fits said members 27, all as is plainly shown in Figures 1, 3, and 4.

. After reaching the'recess 26 through said channels 12 and grooves 25, the fuel passes through the tangentially disposed channels 30, with which the extreme outer end of the plug 21 is provided, and to the chamber 31 into which said-channels 30 lead. Owing to 'the pressure on said fuel and to the tangential disposition of said channels 30, the fuel is whirled or rotated at a high velocity in the chamber 31. The bore 23 of the plug 21 opens in said whirling or mixing chamber, stem or air under pressure thereinto. The chamber is closed except for the relatively small outlet 35, and therefore a most thorough mixing of steam or air and fuel, and a most thorough atomization of said fuel takes place in said chamber 31 It will lnow be seen that by passing hot steam under' pressure on the inside of pipe 8, and passing fuel under pressure through the. grooves 12, I divide the fuel into thin streams, or films, while subjecting them 'to a considerabletemperature; and I thus lower the viscosity of the fuel and promote the atomizing action. Further,

by providing the continuous screw threads shown I am enabled to get a maximum of heated surface over which the fuel flows, and to thus break down the surface tension of the oil to a greater degree than would otherwise be possible. It will be likewise observed, that the full velocity of the oil is utilized in causing a swirling motion in the presence of steam in the chamber 3l, while the full velocity of the steam is utilized in carrying said oil out of said chamber past the sharp` edges of the orifice 35 to the point of ignition. The result is an unusually perfect atomization of the fuel and therefore a-most satisfactory spray is delivered to the combustion chamber, not shown.

What I claim is l. In a li uid fuel burner the combination of means adapted to conduct a fluid atomizing agentV under pressure; a helical screw thread on the exterior of said conducting means, for dividing the fuel intoI relatively thiny films or streams; means to supply said atomizing agent to said conducting means; means to supply fuel to said screw thread; and a plug having a mixing chamber, a bore connecting said conducting means with said chamber, and a pluralit of tangentially disposed passages adapte to conduct fuel delivered from said screw thread to said cham- 2. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of means provided with a passage, adapted to conduct steam under pressure; a helical screw thread on the exterior of saidconducting means, for dividing the fuel into relatively thin films or streams, while subjecting said fuelto the action of the heat `of said steam; means comprising a valve controlled pipe, to supply steam to said passage; means to supply fuel to said screw thread; a plug provided with a mixing chamber, a bore connecting said passage with said chamber, and a plurality of tangentially disposed passages leading to said chamber; and a cap member provided with passages affording communication between said screw7 thread and said tangential passages. Y

3. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of an inner pipe provided with external screw threads; an outer pipe enclosing said inner pipe; a casting to which one end of each of sald pipes is secured; a plug member fitting the other end of said inner pipe and provided with a mixing chamber; a cap provided with grooves enclosing said plug and secured to the other end of said' outer pipe; a perforated washer member located between the end of said outer pipe and said cap; means for passing steam under pressure through said inner pipe, plug and chamber; and means for passing oil under pressure between said screw threads and through said grooves and chamber whereby the velocities of said oil and steam are utilized in effecting an atomization and the heat of said steam is used in breaking down the viscosityof the oil, substantially as described.

el. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of an inner pipe provided with external screw threads; an outer pipe enclosing said inner pipe; a casting to which one end of each of said pipes is secured; a plug fitting the other endof said inner pipe and provided with a mixing chamber and with a plurality of tangentially disposed passages leading thereto; a cap secured to the other end of said outer pipeand provided with a plurality of grooves connecting said screw threads and said tangential grooves; an orifice having sharp edges in said cap opening into said chamber; a perforated washer member located between the end of said outer pipe and saidcap; means for passing steam under pressure through said inner pipe, plug, and chamber; and means for passing oil under pressure between said screw threads through said grooves and chamber whereby the velocities of said oil and steam are utilized in effecting the atomization of said oil, and the heat of said steam is used in breaking down the viscosity of' said oil, substantially as described.

5. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of means provided with a passage adapted t0 conduct a fluid atomizing agent 'under pressure; a pipe surro-unding said conducting means and spaced therefrom to provide a passage adapted to conduct fuel; means rigid with said first named means for imparting a rotary motion to saidfuel; means to supply said atomizing agent to said first named passage; means to supply fuel to said second named passage; a plug fitting said first named passage and provided with a mixing chamber: and. connections -between said chamber and each of said passages, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

WILLIAM R. PURNELL. 

